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5 ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื‘ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืงื• ืžื•ืฉืœื

ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ: 15 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2021


ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื–ืœื™ื’ืช ื”ื“ื™ื• ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ืฃ, ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื ื‘ื”ื’ื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื’, ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื™ื•ื ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืฉึฐื‚ืฉื‚ื•ึนื ึดื™ ืœื™ื•ื ืืกื•ื ื™. ืื ื’ื ืœื›ื ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”, ืื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืืฉ. ืงื‘ืœื• 5 ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื›ื ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”.


ืืชื ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื˜ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืฃ ื•ื‘ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืžืฆื™ื™ืจื™ื ืงื• ืžื•ืฉืœื. ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ืงื• ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืžืขื™ืŸ ืงื• ืžืชืืจ ืฉืœ ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืจืจื™, ื”ื™ืฉืจ ืžื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื” ืฉื”ืกื‘ืชื ืฉืœื—ื” ืžืจืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืŸ. ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ื•ื, ืฉื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื, ื”ื“ื™ื• ืฉื˜ืจื ื™ื‘ืฉ ื ืกืคื’ ืืœ ืชื•ืš ืกื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ ื•ื”ื—ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ืœื›ืœ ืขื‘ืจ. ืืชื ืœื ืœื‘ื“, ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืงืœื™ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื ืชืงืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ. ื ืกื• ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื–ื”.



1. ืกื•ื’ ื”ื“ืฃ

ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื‘ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ื”ื™ื ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืจ ืžืชืื™ื. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ืกืคื™ื’ืช ื”ื“ื™ื• ืืœ ืชื•ืš ืกื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ ื•ื•ื“ืื• ืฉืืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ืขืœ ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ื›ืžื• ื ื™ื™ืจ ื›ืจื•ืžื• ืื• ื ื™ื™ืจ ืงื•ื ื˜ืงื˜ ืžืžื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื•ืง ื”ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ืœืงืœื™ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•- ื‘ืœื•ืง ื”ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ืœืขื˜ื™ ืžื›ื—ื•ืœ ืฉืœื ื•. ื ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ืขืœ ืฆื™ืคื•ื™ ืงืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™, ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืœืžื’ืข ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื‘ืจื™ืง (ืื ื›ื™ ืงื™ื™ื ื ื™ื™ืจ ื›ืจื•ืžื• ืžื˜). ืื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื›ื ื ื™ื™ืจ ื›ื–ื”, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืจ ืขื‘ื” 180 ื’ืจื ืื• 240 ื’ืจื. ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืžื ืข ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื™ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื”.


2. ื“ื™ื•

ืœื“ื™ื• ืื™ืชื• ืืชื ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”. ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื•ืง. ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ื• ื”ืžื•ืชืื ืœืงืœื™ื’ืจืคื™ื”. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื“ื™ื• ืฉื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ืขื˜ื™ื ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื“ื™ื• ื”ืงืœื™ื’ืจืคื™ ืžืขื˜ ืกืžื™ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื“ื™ื• ืžื’ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื ื“ื™ื• ืคื™ื’ืžื ื˜ื™ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื“ื™ื• ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช Winsor & Newton (ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ) ื•ื“ื™ื• ืคื™ื’ืžื ื˜ื™ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืืงืจื™ืœื™, ื›ืžื• ื“ื™ื• Amsetrdam ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช Talens (ืฉืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ). ื”ื“ื™ื• ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ืกื•ืคืจื™ ืกืช"ื ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืกืคืจื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช (ืกืช"ื) ืกืžื™ืš ืžื”ื“ื™ื• ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืกืคื’ ืคื—ื•ืช, ื”ืจื›ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ ื•ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ื’ื‘ืขื” ืงื˜ื ื”.


3. ื’ืื ืืจื‘ื™ืง (Gum Arabic)

ื’ื ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ื• ื•ืœื ื‘ื ืœื›ื ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื›ืจื’ืข ื‘ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืื—ืจ ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืกื’ืจืชื ืขืœ ื ื™ื™ืจ ืืš ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœืงื• ื”ื™ืคื” ืฉืœื›ื ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื’, ื–ื” ืœื ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกืžื™ืš ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื ืงืจื ื’ืื ืืจืื‘ื™ืง . Gum Arabic ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืžืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื”ืžื•ืคืง ืžืขืฆื™ื ื•ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื™ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื’ื ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ.

ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืกืžื™ืš ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื• ื”ืงื™ื™ื, ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืžืขื˜ ืžื”ื“ื™ื• ืœื›ืœื™ ืื—ืจ, ื ืงื™ ื•ื™ื‘ืฉ (ืœืžืฉืœ ืžื™ื›ืœ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื• ืฉื ื’ืžืจ ื•ื ื•ืงื” ื”ื™ื˜ื‘). ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื˜ืคื˜ืคื• ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”, ื›-3 ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ Gum Arabic ื•ืขืจื‘ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืงื™ืกื. ื›ืขืช, ื˜ื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื• ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื ืกื• ืœื›ืชื•ื‘. ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื’? ื ืจืื” ืœื›ื ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง? ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืขื•ื“ ื˜ื™ืคื” ืื• ืฉืชื™ื™ื, ืขืจื‘ื‘ื• ื•ื—ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื“ ืฉืชื”ื™ื• ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžื”ืชื•ืฆืื”.

ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืชื•ืš ืืชืจ NewFoodMagazine.com


4. ืื˜ื™ืžืช ื”ื“ืฃ โ€“ Fixative

ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืค ื”ื‘ื ืœื ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืื‘ืœ ื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื•ื–ื” ืขืฉื” ืœื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืื– ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช, ืœื ื—ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื™ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืฉืคืจื•ืช ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืงื•. ืื– ืื ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ืชื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘, ื”ื“ื™ื• ืœื ื ืฉืืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืฃ, ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืกื•ื’ ื“ืฃ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื Gum Arabic? ืœื ื ื•ืจื, ื ืกื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ ืžื™ื™ืฆื‘, ืžืกื•ื’ Fixative, ื›ื–ื” ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ ืคื—ื ื•ืขื™ืคืจื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืฃ ื•ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืžืจื™ื—ื”. ืจืกืกื• ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืขื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ ื”ืจื™ืง ื•ืชื ื• ืœื• ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ. ื”ืจื™ืกื•ืก ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืฉื›ื‘ื” ืื•ื˜ืžืช ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ืžื ืข ืืช ื—ื“ื™ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ื• ืœืกื™ื‘ื™ื. ืžื” ืฉื›ืŸ, ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœืจืกืก ืžืžืจื—ืง ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ื™ื“ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื›ืชืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ืฃ.


5. ืœื—ื•ืช

ืื•ืœื™ ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื˜ ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืื‘ืœ ื ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื›ืืŸ. ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื—ื ื•ืœื— ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืกื’ื•ืจ, ืœืœื ืžื–ื’ืŸ? ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืชืคืขื™ืœื• ืžื–ื’ืŸ. ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื ืชื.

ืœื›ืœ ื“ื™ื• ืžืชื•ื•ืกืฃ ืžืงืฉื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ. ืื•ืชื• ืžืงืฉื” ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืžื”ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ื• ืขืœ ื”ื“ืฃ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ื ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืœื—ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื”ื“ื™ื• ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื˜ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืฃ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืกื™ื‘ื™ื. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื›ืืœื•, ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืžืžื•ื–ื’.



ื‘ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ื”ื•ื ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืชื•ืคืขื” ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ื” ืื•ืœื, ื›ื•ืœื™ ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืกื˜ ืขื–ืจื• ืœื›ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื’ื ืœื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช. ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืงืคื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืืœื ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื“ืข.


ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ื, ื—ื‘ืจื™ื. ืื ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจืชื ืœืืชืจ, ืืชื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืžื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืฆืืชื ื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืกื˜ ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืื ืืชื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืงื”ื™ืœื”. ืื ื™ ื‘ืžื˜ื™ื— ืœืขื ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื, ื‘ื”ืชืื.

ื•ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉืงืจืืชื ืืช ื”ืคื•ืกื˜ ื‘ื‘ืœื•ื’ ืฉืœื™, ื™ื•ืจื ืงืคืœืŸ | ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœืงืœื™ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช.

431 ืฆืคื™ื•ืช0 ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื

ื”ืฆื’ ื”ื›ื•ืœ
ื™ื•ืจื ืงืคืœืŸ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœืงืœื™ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื ืฉืขืŸ ืข

ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœืžืจื›ื– ืœืงืœื™ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช

ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœืงืœื™ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื”ื•ืงื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืืช ื”ืฉืขืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ืžื•ืคืœื ืฉืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื•ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืืชื›ื ืœืฆืืช ืœืžืกืข ื‘ืืชืจ, ืœืฆืœื•ืœ ืœื‘ืœื•ื’ ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืžืจืชืงื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื›ื ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื’ื™ืขื” ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจื”.

ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœื ื™ื•ื–ืœื˜ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ

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